Eugenol CAS 97-53-0 | Look Chemical

1. Inhibitory effect on bacteria: The in vitro antibacterial activity comparison of 15 kinds of herbal alcohol extracts with antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects and their effective components found that eugenol is highly sensitive to acne pathogens. Observation under an oil microscope found that the number of bacteria per unit area after inhibiting Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis and acne short rods was significantly reduced compared with before inhibition. Most of the bacteria dissolved and died, losing their normal morphology, suggesting that the pathogenicity of bacteria may be reduced accordingly. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of eugenol against acne short rods and Staphylococcus aureus was 17 and 106 ml respectively. The experiment also found that eugenol and erythromycin have a synergistic antibacterial effect.
2. Inhibitory effect on fungi: Studies have shown that clove oil has different degrees of inhibitory effect on the growth of common molds in food, such as Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus chrysogenum, Penicillium citrinum, and Rhodotorula glutinosus. It is a good natural preservative, and its active ingredient is eugenol. Using ketoconazole powder and fluconazole powder as controls, 23 Chinese herbal medicines and 14 monomers were tested for in vitro drug sensitivity against Malassezia. The results showed that eugenol had a strong inhibitory effect on Malassezia furfur, with a MIC value of 7.81 mg/L. Eugenol tincture has a good effect on the treatment of superficial fungal diseases such as tinea cruris and tinea corporis, with a cure rate of 91.67%, which is better than clotrimazole ointment. Eugenol is used in the treatment of dental diseases due to its good antifungal effect and is widely used as a filler for root canal treatment of teeth. Cement containing zinc oxide and eugenol is widely used in root canal treatment due to its good sealing performance and antifungal activity. Studies have shown that the inhibitory activity of pure zinc oxide eugenol cement against Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus niger, and Aspergillus flavus is stronger than that of five root canal filling agents such as Kalzinol, Sealapex, AI-I26, Grossman, and Quickset.

Using eugenol as an anesthetic, anesthesia research was conducted on red trout. The results showed that the gill activity frequency of red trout anesthetized with eugenol was significantly reduced, its swimming speed slowed down, its movements were sluggish, and the activity and oxygen consumption of the fish body were significantly reduced. Different concentrations of eugenol were used to anesthetize 115-175g of yellow wax fish for 15 minutes, and the oxygen saturation in the container containing the yellow wax fish was measured. The data showed that the oxygen consumption rate of the yellow wax fish was significantly affected by eugenol. Among the treatment groups, the oxygen consumption rate of the 10×10 group was the lowest, which was 0.33 mg/(g·h); the 10×10 group was the second, which was 0.42 mg/(g·h); and the control group was 0.57 mg/(g·h). The data also showed that the gill activity frequency of the anesthetized yellow wax fish was significantly reduced.

By injecting eugenol into the central and peripheral parts of rats, it was observed that a small dose of eugenol can reduce fever, while a large dose can cause hypothermia, and the effect of central medication is significantly stronger than that of peripheral medication, indicating that eugenol is likely to be a central antipyretic. It can participate in body temperature regulation by affecting the discharge activity of temperature-sensitive neurons in PO/AH (preoptic area to anterior hypothalamus), that is, inhibiting cold-sensitive neurons and exciting heat-sensitive neurons, thereby achieving a cooling effect.

Free radicals are the products of aerobic metabolism in organisms, which can cause oxidative damage to biological macromolecules and are an important cause of aging and many diseases in organisms. Eugenol has a significant scavenging effect on hydroxyl free radicals generated by Fenton reaction, and its activity is higher than that of mannitol, a specific scavenger of hydroxyl free radicals. Eugenol also has a scavenging effect on reactive oxygen species generated by light reduction of riboflavin-methionine.

To explore the anti-cancer effect of phenylpropanols, the conversion of human liver cultured cell lines was used as an indicator to clarify their NO scavenging effect through in vitro experiments. Studies have shown that phenylpropanols such as eugenol have good NO free radical scavenging activity, suggesting that they have an inhibitory effect on NO-induced tumors. The mushroom tyrosinase DOPA rate oxidation method was used to determine the tyrosinase activity, and the regulatory effects of 10 effective components of traditional Chinese medicine on the tyrosinase system in vitro were observed. The experimental results showed that the components extracted from 10 traditional Chinese medicines showed dose-dependent inhibition on tyrosinase activity and melanin production at different concentrations. Among them, eugenol, turmeric oil, gallic acid, eugenol and curcumin complex.

(1:1) and the former two and ecdysone complex (1:1:1) had significant differences in tyrosinase inhibitory activity compared with the monomer compound arbutin, and eugenol competitively inhibited tyrosinase. The mechanism may be that the compound with 4-hydroxy-3-methoxystyrene structure is similar to the substrate DOPA structure, competitively inhibiting the binding of enzyme and substrate, showing the kinetic characteristics of competitive inhibition. The competitive inhibitory activity of eugenol on tyrosinase suggests that it has good development prospects for the treatment of vitiligo and melanoma.

Clove oil, eugenol, and eugenol extracts have a significant promoting effect on the transdermal absorption of 5-fluorouracil. The drug permeation amount of clove volatile oil and eugenol groups is higher than that of azone group, indicating that the permeation enhancement multiples of the two are higher than that of azone, and the effect is slightly stronger than that of azone. The permeation enhancement effect is best at a concentration of 20%. The results suggest that clove oil and eugenol are expected to be used as permeation enhancers in the transdermal administration of certain drugs. The cumulative permeation of the model drug benzoic acid was determined by in vitro transdermal double chamber diffusion cell and HPLC method to investigate the permeation-enhancing effect of cinnamon oil, galangal oil, clove oil, and eugenol at different concentrations on benzoic acid, as well as the permeation-enhancing effect of volatile oil combined with ethanol and propylene glycol. The results showed that cinnamon oil, clove oil, eugenol, and galangal oil all had a certain permeation-enhancing effect on benzoic acid; the combination of volatile oil with ethanol and propylene glycol could increase the cumulative permeation of benzoic acid, but reduce the permeability coefficient; the permeation-enhancing multiple of 2% eugenol on benzoic acid was 2.23.

Solve the problem of mosquito bites and harassment. Clove repellent was applied to the test population for on-site mosquito repellent efficacy test. The results showed that the effective repellent time of clove repellent on mosquitoes was up to 6 hours, and the protection rate of the population at 6 hours was 72.91%, and the protection rate of the population at 5 hours was 98.10%. The results show that clove repellent has a significant repellent effect on mosquitoes, has low toxicity, is safe to use, and is only slightly irritating to the skin and eyes, so it is worthy of promotion and application.